India Meteorological Department (IMD)

GS 1 – Geography

Why in News?

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) will celebrate 150 years of service on January 15, 2025.

Establishment and Historical Background

• Formation: IMD was established in 1875, with H.F. Blanford as the first Meteorological Reporter.
• Early Developments:
  • Science and meteorology in India began with the first Meteorological and Astronomical Observatory in Madras in 1793.
  • The Sanitation Committee was formed in 1860, followed by the creation of the Meteorological Committee at the provincial level.
• Headquarters: New Delhi.
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Earth Sciences.

Objectives of IMD

1. Conduct meteorological observations and provide current and forecast meteorological data.
2. Issue warnings about severe weather phenomena to prevent loss of life and property.
3. Promote research in meteorology and related fields.

Network and Coverage

• Regional Meteorological Centres (RMCs): Six RMCs cover six regions of India.
• State-Level Meteorological Centres (MCs): 26 MCs provide localized meteorological services.

Key Contributions and Milestones

Early Contributions

• First Chart: Prepared in 1877.
• Daily Weather Reports: Initiated in 1878.

Technological Advancements

• Radar Age: Introduced radar-based meteorological services and flood forecasting (1947-1959).
• Global Monitoring: Improved global weather monitoring and extended forecasts up to 24 hours (1971-1983).

Recent Developments

• Between 2014 and 2023, IMD significantly enhanced weather and climate services, achieving a 40-50% improvement in forecast accuracy.

 

Significance of IMD’s 150-Year Milestone

IMD’s journey underscores its pivotal role in national and global meteorological advancements. From issuing the first weather chart to leveraging cutting-edge technologies for accurate forecasts, IMD has continually adapted to address emerging challenges, making it a cornerstone of India’s disaster management and scientific innovation.