ISRO’s CROPS: A Landmark Achievement in Space Agriculture

GS 3 – Science and technology

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has achieved a significant breakthrough in space-based agriculture through its Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies (CROPS) experiment. The successful germination of three out of eight cowpea seeds in space under microgravity conditions marks a major milestone in India’s astrobiological research.

Highlights of the CROPS Mission

1. Development and Purpose:

• CROPS was designed by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC).
• It is ISRO’s first experiment to explore plant growth under microgravity conditions in space.

2. Launch Platform:

• The experiment was carried out using the PSLV-C60 mission’s PSLV Orbital Experiment Module (POEM)-4 platform.
• A controlled environment with active thermal management was created to facilitate seed germination.

POEM-4 Platform Features

1. Purpose:

• POEM-4 is a microgravity research platform developed by repurposing the fourth stage of the PSLV rocket.

2. Key Characteristics:

• Enhanced Capacity: The platform offers three times the capacity of its predecessor, POEM-3.
• Payload Diversity: Hosts 24 payloads, including projects on robotics, sensors, and proof-of-concept technologies.
• Advanced Components:
  • Walking Robotic Arm (RRM-TD): Designed for inspection and servicing with an inchworm-like motion.
  • Debris Capture Manipulator: Focuses on space debris collection and removal.
  • Gradient Control Reaction Wheel Assembly (RWA): Provides enhanced attitude stabilization.

Future Applications of CROPS and Space Agriculture

1. Food Security in Space:

• Data from the CROPS experiment will aid in creating sustainable agricultural systems for astronauts on extended missions.

2. Preparing for Mars and Beyond:

• Supports India’s aspirations for Mars colonization and long-term space habitation, paving the way for advancements in life-support technologies.