INDIA PHASES OUT HCFCS

GS3 – ENVIRONMENT: 

Overview: In 2024, India successfully phased out the use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) in manufacturing, aligning with its commitments under the Montreal Protocol. This action is critical for ozone layer protection and addressing climate change, marking a significant step toward sustainable environmental practices.

Montreal Protocol Overview:

• The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to phase out ozone-depleting substances.
• Established in 1987 and coming into force in 1989, it is regarded as one of the most successful environmental agreements.
• Since 1990, the protocol has helped eliminate 98% of ozone-depleting substances globally, with the expectation that the ozone layer will be restored by mid-century.

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs):

• HCFCs are chemicals primarily used in refrigeration and air conditioning.
• Although introduced as temporary substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), HCFCs still pose a significant threat to the ozone layer.
• The 1992 Copenhagen Amendment accelerated efforts to phase out HCFCs, culminating in India’s recent ban on their manufacturing.

India’s Commitment:

• India joined the Vienna Convention in 1991 and the Montreal Protocol in 1992.
• The country created a phased plan to eliminate ozone-depleting substances, achieving significant reductions by 2010. The phase-out of HCFCs is part of India’s broader strategy to address climate change and protect the ozone layer.

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs):

• HFCs are greenhouse gases used as alternatives to CFCs and HCFCs.
• While HFCs do not harm the ozone layer, they contribute to global warming.
• The Kigali Amendment, adopted in 2016, aims to reduce HFC usage by 85% by 2036 for developed countries and by 2047 for developing countries.

Future of Cooling Technologies:

• At the 2024 COP, discussions highlighted the need for sustainable cooling solutions, including solar cooling and evaporative cooling.
• Efforts focus on reducing energy consumption and managing refrigerant leakage effectively.

Global Negotiation Context:

• Ongoing global negotiations aim to set standards for refrigerant management, with a shift toward sustainable alternatives, such as natural refrigerants, to combat environmental challenges.

India’s Future Plans:

• India is targeting a complete phase-out of HCFCs by 2030.
• The country also has specific reduction targets for HFCs, underscoring its commitment to sustainable environmental practices and adherence to international agreements.