DELHI’S EARTHQUAKE RISKS

GS3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT: 

A recent 4.0-magnitude earthquake in Delhi has highlighted the region’s seismic vulnerability, with tremors also felt in Bihar, Odisha, and Sikkim. This has reignited concerns about the possibility of a “Great Himalayan Earthquake.”

Delhi’s Seismic Risk

• Seismic Zone: Delhi falls in Zone 4, making it highly prone to earthquakes.
• Tectonic Activity: Its proximity to the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates increases risk.
• Shallow Depth Impact: Even minor quakes are strongly felt due to their low depth.

Contributing Factors

• Himalayan Belt: Frequent tectonic shifts heighten earthquake threats.
• Fault Lines: The Delhi-Haridwar Ridge, Aravalli Fault, and Yamuna Lineament add to instability.

Historical Seismic Activity

• Since 1720, Delhi has witnessed multiple earthquakes, with at least five exceeding 5.5 magnitude.
• Past quakes indicate a consistent risk due to fault line activity.

The Threat of a Major Himalayan Earthquake

• Scientists warn of an 8.0+ magnitude quake in the Himalayas, overdue for decades.
• The region has faced 8.7 magnitude earthquakes in the last 2,000 years.
• The 2015 Nepal quake (7.8 magnitude) caused 9,000 deaths and widespread destruction.

Potential Impact

• Urban Vulnerability: Northern Indian cities face high damage risks.
• Population Exposure: Over 300 million people could be directly affected.
• Severe Infrastructure Damage: Buildings may not withstand strong tremors.