Discovery of “Dark Oxygen”

GS I-Geography

A research study conducted in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone has identified that the metallic nodules present on the ocean floor generate what is termed as “dark oxygen.”

• This refers to oxygen production occurring in the deep-sea abyssal region, where photosynthesis is not possible.
• The process takes place as polymetallic nodules split water molecules using electrical charges.

Polymetallic Nodules

• These are mineral-rich deposits composed primarily of iron and manganese hydroxides, partially embedded within the seafloor.
• They play a crucial role in the production of lithium-ion batteries.
• Large concentrations of these nodules are found in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (off the west coast of Mexico), the Central Indian Ocean Basin, and the Peru Basin.
• Increased Investment in Seismic Data Collection: Enhances the quality of geological data for Indian sedimentary basins.
• Lower Royalty Rates & Zero Revenue Share Until Windfall Profits: Incentivizes bidders to participate in exploration and production.
• Release of ‘No-Go’ Areas: Approximately 1 million sq. km of restricted zones have been made available for exploration activities.