AMIR KHUSRAU: THE PARROT OF INDIA

GS1 ART AND CULTURE: 

1. Introduction

Amir Khusrau was a pioneer of Indo-Persian literature, music, and Sufi poetry. His legacy continues to be celebrated at the Jahan-e-Khusrau festival, reflecting the fusion of Hindu and Muslim traditions.

2. Early Life & Background

• Born in 1253 to a Turkic father and Indian mother.
• His father migrated from Central Asia to India.
• Grew up in a culturally diverse environment, influencing his works.

3. Role as a Court Poet

• Began composing poetry at age 20.
• Served multiple Delhi Sultans over five decades.
• Wrote in Persian and Hindavi, enriching Indo-Islamic literature.
• Title ‘Amir’ was bestowed by Sultan Jalaluddin Khalji.

4. Spiritual Bond with Nizamuddin Auliya

• Devoted disciple of Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya.
• Their relationship bridged spiritual and political domains.
• Expressed deep reverence for his mentor in poetry and music.

5. Literary Contributions

• Known for ghazals, riddles, and lyrical poetry.
• His works reflect Persian, Turkic, and Indian influences.
• Played a key role in shaping Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb (syncretic culture).

6. Musical Innovations

• Contributed to the development of khayal and qawwali.
• Credited with influencing the sitar and tabla, though evidence is debated.
• Composed timeless pieces like “Chhaap Tilak” and “Zehal-e-Maskeen”.

7. Legacy

• His poetry and music continue to resonate across generations.
• A symbol of cultural synthesis and harmony in the Indian subcontinent.