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GS 3 – AGRICULTURE   Context: India envisions a modernized and self-sufficient agricultural sector by 2047, positioning itself as a global leader in agribusiness. Present Scenario of Indian Agriculture Workforce Engagement: Agriculture remains a primary livelihood source, employing nearly 45% of the nation’s workforce. Economic Share: Contributing approximately 15% to …

GS 3 – ECONOMY Context: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently strengthened regulations regarding monetary penalties and compounding of offences under the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 (PSS Act) to enhance compliance. What is the PSS Act? The Payment and Settlement Systems Act, 2007 (PSS Act) is …

GS3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) conducted a $5 billion dollar-rupee swap to inject liquidity into the Indian financial system amidst ongoing liquidity deficits and global market concerns. The operation attracted $25.6 billion in bids, showing strong demand for dollars. The transaction will be reversed on August …

GS2 GOVERNANCE Key Highlights: Objective: Improve transparency and inclusivity in governance, enhance service delivery, and ease of living. Expanded Scope: Both government and private entities can use Aadhaar for services in e-commerce, healthcare, travel, tourism, and hospitality. New Features: Streamlined Approval: Entities must apply via a portal with usage details, …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH Historic Achievement: Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla of the Indian Air Force (IAF) is set to become the first Indian astronaut to travel to the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4). This milestone underscores India’s growing participation in human space exploration. …

GS3 ENVIRONMENT  Historic Recognition: New Zealand has officially granted Mount Taranaki, also called Taranaki Maunga, the status of a legal person, affirming its cultural and spiritual significance to the Indigenous Māori community. This decision is part of efforts to address historical injustices resulting from colonisation. Key Highlights Historical Context Taranaki …

GS3 INTERNAL SECURITY  The Defence Ministry recently conducted a pilot study on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS) in collaboration with the Manohar Parrikar Institute of Defence Studies and Analyses. This study highlights the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in modern warfare while raising concerns about control, accountability, and ethics. …

GS2 POLITY The PM-JANMAN Package was launched in November 2023 to improve living conditions for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) across India. It aims for 100% coverage of essential services such as housing, water, healthcare, education, and roads in PVTG habitations, benefiting 75 PVTG communities across 18 states and one …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH The Union Minister for Electronics & Information Technology announced that an indigenous AI model could be ready within six months. The Minister also launched a call for proposals under the India AI Mission, inviting startups, researchers, and entrepreneurs to develop foundational AI models using Indian datasets. Features …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH  China’s Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), also known as China’s Artificial Sun, maintained a steady-state high-confinement plasma operation for over 1,000 seconds, reaching a temperature of 100 million °C. Tokamak: A machine that confines plasma using magnetic fields in a donut shape to harness fusion energy. Significance of …

GS3 ENVIRONMENT  A recent study analyzed data spanning three decades and examined over 600 species of animals, plants, and fungi across terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Genetic Diversity: Refers to the range of inherited traits within a species, crucial for population adaptation to changing environments. It is vital for the long-term survival …

GS3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT  The World Economic Forum (WEF) has released the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Network 2023-2024 Impact Report, which highlights significant initiatives like the use of drones for healthcare delivery in India and how innovation can address global challenges. Key Highlights of the Report Seven Core Thematic …

GS1: Geography The United Nations has declared 2025 as the International Year of Glaciers’ Preservation to highlight the importance of glaciers and the need for climate action. Glaciers hold 70% of the world’s freshwater, and their rapid melting threatens water supplies, raises sea levels, and risks coastal areas. What Are …

GS3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEEC) is gaining momentum with recent initiatives from RITES to improve trade and connectivity between India, the Middle East, and Europe. RITES is focusing on creating a digital interface for cargo clearance between Indian and Middle Eastern ports, marking the first phase …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH:  About K-Salts K-salts are potassium-based alternatives to regular table salt, replacing sodium chloride with potassium chloride. This switch reduces sodium intake while increasing potassium, which is crucial for heart health and helps lower blood pressure. WHO Guidelines on Sodium and Potassium Intake WHO recommends reducing sodium …

GS3 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS India recently extended humanitarian assistance to the residents of the Kurdistan region in Iraq. This initiative reflects India’s commitment to supporting global peace and stability through aid to regions in crisis. About the Kurdistan Region Geographical Scope: Kurdistan is a mountainous region that spans parts of eastern …

GS3 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS UN Peacekeeping Overview Established in 1948 to maintain or restore international peace. Operates on principles of consent, impartiality, and limited force for self-defense. Involves about 100,000 personnel from 125 countries in active missions today. India’s Contributions Largest cumulative contributor, with over 253,000 troops deployed across 49 missions. …

GS2 POLITY Definition A party whip is an official in a political party responsible for enforcing party discipline. Whips ensure that members attend and vote according to the party line during crucial legislative sessions. Historical Context Originated from English hunting terminology and later formalized by Edmund Burke. Integral to India’s …

GS3 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Overview The Africa Energy Summit was recently held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, where 12 African nations presented their National Energy Compacts. The event was part of “Mission 300,” an initiative by the World Bank and African Development Bank to electrify 300 million people in sub-Saharan Africa …

GS2 GOVERNANCE Objective of NCMM Primary Aim: To encourage Indian PSUs and private sector companies to acquire critical mineral assets abroad and promote trade with resource-rich countries. Expenditure: Rs. 16,300 crore with an expected investment of Rs. 18,000 crore by PSUs and other entities. Exploration: Focus on intensifying the exploration …