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GS3 INTERNAL SECURITY:  Overview India recently finalized a defense agreement with Russia to acquire advanced anti-ship cruise missiles, strengthening the Indian Navy’s submarine operational capabilities. Although specific details such as cost and quantity remain undisclosed, sources confirm the deal involves the Klub-S missile system, part of the Kalibr missile family. …

GS2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS:  Event Details Held from 7th to 11th February 2025 in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. Organized by the Department of Youth Affairs, Government of India. Inaugurated by Union Minister Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya on 8th February 2025. Background of BIMSTEC Regional organization with seven member states: India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, …

GS3 ENVIRONMENT:  Project Overview Rs 21,000 crore project to link a 13 GW renewable energy park in Ladakh to the national grid in Haryana. Utilizes HVDC technology for electricity transmission over 480 km from solar and wind sources. Key Challenges Security Concerns Proximity to the China border poses security threats. …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH:  Chandrayaan-3 Mission India’s third lunar exploration mission by ISRO achieved a historic soft landing on the moon’s south pole on August 23, 2023. Key components included the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover, which collected critical data on lunar geology. Age Estimation The Shiv Shakti point is …

GS2 POLITY:  Objective PM-AJAY aims to uplift Scheduled Caste (SC) communities by combating poverty, enhancing education, and promoting employment opportunities. Core Components Adarsh Gram Development: Transforms SC-majority villages into model villages with improved infrastructure, health, education, and financial inclusion. Grants-in-Aid: Funds district and state-level livelihood projects for socio-economic development. Hostel …

GS1 ART & CULTURE:  Recent Incident: In February 2025, the Pune rural police presented a report to the NCST regarding Bhil families’ complaint against Vasantdada Sugar Institute (VSI) for alleged attempts to displace them from a 200-acre land leased by the Maharashtra government. VSI’s Director General denied these claims. Court …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH:  Context The evolution of digital technology in India has greatly impacted the education sector, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated the digital transformation in rural India. While access to technology has increased, significant challenges remain in ensuring equitable educational outcomes for all, especially the underprivileged. …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH: AI is transforming industries and geopolitics, highlighting the need for regulatory frameworks to protect vulnerable individuals. India must play a pivotal role in shaping global AI safety while ensuring its competitive edge. AI and Geopolitics AI transcends national borders, requiring international governance. India, with 30% AI …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH:  Context The global AI race is intensifying, with the US heavily investing in semiconductors and new open-source models challenging proprietary AI. India has the potential to lead in AI, supported by strong digital infrastructure and a skilled workforce. India’s Strengths in AI Ecosystem: India supports both …

GS III: Science & Technology   Recent Development Scientists at the University of Oxford have successfully linked quantum computers using quantum teleportation, advancing large-scale quantum networking. What is Quantum Teleportation? Quantum teleportation transfers the state of a quantum particle to another distant particle using quantum entanglement, without physical movement. It is …

GS III: Economy  The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has reduced the repo rate by 25 basis points to 6.25%, the first cut in nearly five years, to boost economic growth by making borrowing cheaper. What is the Repo Rate? The repo rate is the interest rate at which RBI …

GSIII: Science & Technology Recent Development India is set to achieve 20% ethanol blending in petrol ahead of schedule, enhancing energy security and cutting crude oil imports. What is Ethanol Fuel? Ethanol is a renewable biofuel made from sugarcane, grains, and molasses. Blending it with petrol reduces emissions, improves fuel …

GS III: Agriculture What is Feminisation of Agriculture? The feminisation of agriculture refers to the increasing role of women in farming due to male migration for better job opportunities. While this trend expands women’s participation, it also raises concerns about gender inequality in agriculture. Women’s Role in Agriculture 63% of …

GS3: Science & Technology Context – The Union Minister for Science and Technology has announced the launch of SARAT Version 2, an upgraded tool designed to enhance the efficiency, accuracy, and responsiveness of India’s search-and-rescue (SAR) agencies. The tool offers faster response times and improved visualization capabilities for better decision-making. …

GS2: Governance Why in News? The Union Cabinet has approved the extension of the National Commission for Safai Karamcharis (NCSK) for an additional three years beyond 2025. Who are Safai Karamcharis? A Safai Karamchari refers to an individual engaged in or employed for manual scavenging or sanitation-related tasks, including handling …

GS1: History Context – The Indian Army’s Eastern Command Headquarters in Kolkata, formerly known as Fort William, has been renamed Vijay Durg as part of ongoing efforts to remove colonial-era influences from the military. Historical Background Construction and Naming: Built by the British in 1781, the fort was named after …

GS1: Geography Context – In February 2025, the Arctic witnessed an unprecedented temperature rise, exceeding the average by more than 20°C. This extreme warming event has raised serious concerns about its consequences for global climate stability. Rapid Arctic Warming Unprecedented Temperature Surge: The North Pole recorded a temperature spike of …

GS2: Polity, Governance Context: The Supreme Court directed the Assam government to deport 63 detained individuals classified as “foreigners.” Key Concern: Many detainees are Declared Foreign Nationals (DFNs)—people labeled as foreigners without definitive proof of foreign nationality. Foreigners Tribunals (FTs) Formation & Legal Basis: Established: Under the Foreigners (Tribunals) Order, …

GS2: Schemes Launched: Union Budget 2022-23 Ministry: Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MDoNER) Objective: To fund infrastructure and social development projects in the North East Objectives Infrastructure Growth: Improve connectivity and boost economic activities Social Development: Enhance healthcare, education, and livelihoods Entrepreneurship: Promote startups and business ventures Sustainability: …

GS 3: Environment Location: Tinsukia district, Assam Established: Declared as a National Park in 1999 Total Area: 340 sq km Biosphere Reserve: Part of the Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve (765 sq km) River Systems: Surrounded by the Brahmaputra and Lohit rivers Geographic and Ecological Importance Eco-region: Located in the eastern Himalayan …