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GS3 – ENVIRONMENT The Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has notified the Draft Solid Waste Management (SWM) Rules, 2024, which are set to come into effect on 1st October 2025. These rules aim to address the adverse impacts of unmanaged solid waste, implement the principles of a …

GS2 – SOCIAL JUSTICE  CUSTODIAL DEATHS IN INDIA, referring to fatalities occurring while individuals are in police or judicial custody, remain a significant human rights concern. These incidents often highlight issues related to law enforcement practices, systemic challenges, and the need for comprehensive reforms. Statistics: Reported Cases: Between April 1, …

GS2 – GOVERNANCE DELIMITATION in India refers to the process of redrawing the boundaries of electoral constituencies to ensure fair representation in the Parliament and State Legislative Assemblies. This process is crucial for maintaining the principle of “one person, one vote,” ensuring that each constituency has a roughly equal population. …

GS1 – WORLD HISTORY   Bolshevism refers to the radical communist ideology led by the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), under Vladimir Lenin, which was pivotal in the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the establishment of the Soviet Union. 1. Origin: Meaning: “Bolshevik” comes from …

GS3 – ECONOMICS  The WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) is a global international organization established to regulate international trade. It provides a framework for negotiating trade agreements, resolving trade disputes, and promoting trade liberalization while ensuring fairness and adherence to agreed-upon rules. Key Features of WTO: Establishment and Headquarters Founded: January …

GS 3 – Environment – Act  The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 was enacted to protect forests and wildlife. It aims to regulate the diversion of forest land for non-forestry purposes while balancing developmental needs with the conservation of natural resources. Key Provisions: Regulation of Non-Forest Purposes: Forest land cannot be …

GS 3 – Environment – Act  The Forest Rights Act (FRA) of 2006 is a landmark legislation aimed at addressing the historical injustice meted out to forest-dwelling communities in India. It recognizes and vests forest rights in Scheduled Tribes (STs) and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (OTFDs). Key Provisions of the …

GS2 – GOVERNANCE  PAN 2.0 Project: Key Highlights Why in the News? The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA), chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the PAN 2.0 Project, proposed by the Income Tax Department. About PAN 2.0 Project: Objective: PAN 2.0 aims to modernize and integrate the …

GS 2 – GOVERNANCE  The article “Indians Need the Right to Disconnect,” published in The Hindu highlights the growing mental health issues and stress faced by Indian employees due to extended working hours and the inability to disconnect from work after office hours. Workplace Stress in India: Studies show that …

GS3 – AGRICULTURE  National Farmers’ Day (Kisan Diwas) was celebrated on 23rd December 2024 to honour farmers and commemorate the birth anniversary of Chaudhary Charan Singh. Key Facts about Chaudhary Charan Singh: Overview: Born in 1902 in Noorpur, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, he was a prominent Indian politician and freedom fighter …

GS 3 – Internal security  Context: The Maharashtra Special Public Security Act (MSPC) Bill aims to deal with Naxalism in cities by declaring certain groups unlawful and targeting activities that disturb public order. Reasons for the MSPC Bill Urban Naxal Growth: Naxal groups are expanding into cities using front organizations. …

GS 3 – Economy  It’s a trade agreement that aims to reduce trade barriers and promote economic cooperation among 11 countries. It was signed in 2018 after the U.S. withdrew from the earlier TPP (Trans-Pacific Partnership). Member Countries The 11 countries are: Australia Brunei Canada Chile Japan Malaysia Mexico New …

GS 3 – Economy  The GST Council has introduced a new system called the Track and Trace Mechanism to improve tax compliance and reduce tax evasion. Here’s a simpler breakdown: 1. Track and Trace Mechanism What It Is: A system where products will have unique identification marks on their packaging, …

GS-3-Economy  What is JAM Trinity? JAM Trinity is a framework that integrates Jan Dhan accounts, mobile numbers, and Aadhaar cards to facilitate the direct transfer of subsidies to beneficiaries. This eliminates intermediaries, reducing inefficiencies and leakages. Origin: First proposed in the Economic Survey 2014-15. Implementation Year: 2016. Key Components of …

GS-2-Governance Context: ‘Viksit Bharat’ envisions transforming India into a $30-trillion developed economy by 2047, the 100th year of independence. To realize this goal, it is essential to empower and enhance the capabilities of key groups: youth (Yuva), poor (Garib), women (Mahila), and farmers (Kisan). Challenges in Attaining Viksit Bharat Education …

GS-4-History Abanindranath Tagore (1871–1951) was a prominent Indian artist and writer, widely regarded as the founder of the Bengal School of Art, which played a pivotal role in the Indian nationalist movement in art. Key Highlights of Abanindranath Tagore: Early Life: Born on August 7, 1871, in Jorasanko, Kolkata, into …

GS-1-History What is Pashmina? About: Pashmina is GI-certified wool originating from the Kashmir region of India. Initially, Kashmiri people crafted and used Pashmina shawls to endure harsh winters. The term Pashmina is derived from the Persian word Pashm, meaning a weavable fiber, specifically wool. Pashmina shawls are expensive due to …

GS 3 – Science and Technology   The National Quantum Mission (NQM) is a significant initiative by the Government of India aimed at advancing quantum technologies and applications in the country. Approved in April 2023, the mission aims to position India as a global leader in quantum technology research and development …

GS 3 – Environment   The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023, published by the Forest Survey of India (FSI), is a critical document for understanding the status of forest and tree cover in India. It is a biennial assessment of the nation’s forest resources, providing essential insights for policy-making, …

GS3: INTERNAL SECURITY:  The Siliguri Corridor, often referred to as the “Chicken’s Neck,” is a strategically vital strip of land in the northeastern part of India. It connects mainland India to the northeastern states and is flanked by Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh. Geographical Significance Location: Situated in the Darjeeling district …