GS

GS 2 – GOVERNANCE The Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) initiative, launched in 2015, aims to promote gender equality by saving and educating the girl child in India. Key Points: Objectives: Save the Girl Child: To prevent gender-based discrimination and improve the sex ratio. Educate the Girl Child: Promote girls’ …

GS 2 POLITY Context: The Madhya Pradesh High Court has directed actor Saif Ali Khan to approach the appellate authority about the classification of ancestral properties as “enemy property.” What is Enemy Property? Assets left by individuals who migrated to enemy countries (Pakistan, China) after wars (1947, 1965, 1971). Legal …

GS 3 – ECONOMY Context: The National Turmeric Board was inaugurated in Nizamabad, Telangana, to improve turmeric farming, research, and exports in India, fulfilling a long-standing demand. Turmeric – A herb used for medicinal and culinary purposes, containing curcumin, known for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Uses of Turmeric: Culinary: Adds …

GS 2 – GOVERNANCE Launched: 2013 Objective: To provide universal, affordable, and quality healthcare services, responding to people’s needs. Key Features: Comprehensive Primary Healthcare: Establishment of Health and Wellness Centers for preventive, curative, and palliative care. Maternal and Child Healthcare: Programs like Janani Suraksha Yojana and Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram …

GS 1 – HISTORY Context: The ASI has resumed excavations at Ratnagiri, an important Buddhist center from Emperor Ashoka’s reign, crucial in spreading Buddhism. Key Discoveries: Colossal Buddha sculptures and a monolithic elephant statue. Votive stupas, inscribed stones, pottery, and brick wall remnants from a Buddhist monastery. Artifacts revealing trade …

GS1 INDIAN HERITAGE The National Tribal Health Conclave 2025, organized under the Dharti Aaba Janjati Gram Utkarsh Abhiyan by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoH&FW), aims to address the unique health challenges faced by tribal communities. Key healthcare issues for tribes …

GS3 AGRICULTURE  The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) report on Sustainable Nitrogen Management (SNM) in Agrifood Systems emphasizes the growing challenges and environmental consequences of nitrogen use in agriculture and offers strategies to mitigate these impacts. Key Highlights of the Report: Alteration in the Nitrogen Cycle: Humans currently add approximately …

GS2 GOVERNANCE  This draft outlines a comprehensive set of principles and guidelines for the self-governance of the e-commerce sector, with the goal of fostering an ethical and responsible e-commerce ecosystem. The proposed framework is divided into three main phases: Pre-Transaction, Contract Formation, and Post-Transaction. Key Principles: Pre-Transaction Principles: Seller Authenticity: …

GS3 SCIENCE AND TECH Recent research reveals a concerning shift in the Arctic Boreal Zone, with nearly 40% of the region transitioning from a carbon sink to a carbon source. This change is largely driven by climate change, including longer growing seasons, increased microbial activity, and more frequent wildfires. The …

GS2 GOVERNANCE  Launched in 2015, India’s Smart Cities Mission aimed to develop 100 cities with advanced infrastructure and sustainable practices. Nearly a decade later, the initiative faces numerous challenges, with many projects falling short of their objectives. The concept of a “smart city” has often been misunderstood, with emphasis placed …

GS3 SCIENCE & TECH Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global health threat, causing millions of deaths each year. Researchers are investigating innovative solutions, such as oyster-derived antimicrobial proteins, to improve existing antibiotics and fight resistant bacterial strains. AMR Overview AMR results in nearly five million deaths annually, with projections …

GS3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT  Recent studies highlight a significant rise in breast cancer cases in India, with projections estimating an additional 50,000 cases annually. The economic cost of this trend is expected to reach $19.55 billion per year by 2030, stressing the urgent need for healthcare reforms. Rising Incidence Breast cancer …

GS2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS  The United States’ decision to withdraw from significant global entities such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Paris Agreement, coupled with the emphasis on the America First policy, has the potential to reshape international norms and institutions related to global cooperation. Potential Consequences of US …

GS2 GOVERNANCE Earlier this year, Uttarakhand became the first state in India to receive President’s assent for its Uniform Civil Code (UCC) Bill, signaling a major step towards potentially being the first Indian state to implement the UCC. What is the Uniform Civil Code (UCC)? The Uniform Civil Code (UCC) …

GS2 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS The India-European Union (EU) relations have grown steadily, with both sides committed to building a mutually beneficial partnership. Recent discussions, led by the Minister of Commerce and Industry, aim to strengthen the strategic and economic ties between India and the EU by focusing on shared values, trade, …

GS 1 – GEOGRAPHY Recent Development: India’s Siachen Glacier, the world’s highest battleground, now has 4G and 5G services, enhancing communication for soldiers in extreme conditions and showcasing India’s focus on technology in strategic areas. About Siachen Glacier: Geographical Location: Located in the Karakoram Range in the Himalayan region, known …

GS 2 – POLITY Context: India celebrated the first Foundation Day of the Lokpal, commemorating 11 years since its establishment under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013. The Lokpal and Lokayukta function as “Ombudsman” institutions, promoting accountability in governance. Historical Background: Origin of the Concept: The Ombudsman system originated in …

GS 3 – ENVIRONMENT Context: A recent study in Namibia emphasizes how dedicated water points and improved infrastructure can help alleviate human-elephant conflicts. Approaches to Mitigate Human-Wildlife Conflicts: Separate Resource Zones: Establish water points or dams specifically for wildlife, situated far from human settlements, to minimize encounters. Example: Namibia’s National …

GS 1 – ART AND CULTURE Context: The recent visit by Singapore President Tharman Shanmugaratnam to the Sun Temple has spotlighted its global significance and Odisha’s exceptional craftsmanship. Location: Situated in the town of Konark, Odisha, close to the Bay of Bengal. Historical Background: Period of Construction: Built during the …

GS 1 – ART AND CULTURE Context: The 38th National Games held in Uttarakhand has drawn criticism due to the decision to place Kalaripayattu, Kerala’s ancient martial art, in the demonstration category rather than the main events. What is it? Kalaripayattu is among the world’s oldest martial art forms, known …