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GS 1 – Modern India Born on January 3, 1831, in Naigaon, Maharashtra, Savitribai Phule came from the Mali community. As India’s first female teacher and a leading social reformer, she married Jyotirao Phule at the age of 10. Under his mentorship, she received an education at home and later …

GS 2 – Governance – Education Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) UDISE+ is a comprehensive data platform designed to monitor school education across India, covering pre-primary to higher secondary education. Recent data from UDISE+ highlights a substantial decrease in school enrolment, with over 1 crore fewer students …

GS 3 – Agriculture Context: Regenerative agriculture offers solutions to combat soil degradation and ensure food security in India, boosting agricultural productivity while enhancing climate resilience. Regenerative Agriculture Regenerative agriculture is a farming approach focused on improving soil health, restoring ecosystems, and promoting sustainable food production. It emphasizes natural inputs, …

GS 3 – Environment – Species Why in news: The recent discovery of Pallas’s cat in Himachal Pradesh, India, during a snow leopard survey, provides the first photographic evidence of this elusive species in the region. This emphasizes the need to conserve lesser-known wildlife in the Indian Himalayas. Pallas’s Cat: …

GS 3 – Defence Context: The Ministry of Defence (MoD) has signed a contract with Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) for the installation of air-independent propulsion (AIP) plugs. These will integrate the DRDO-developed AIP system into India’s Kalvari class submarines. Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) System Air Independent Propulsion (AIP) is …

GS 3 – Science and technology Why in News? India’s top power producer, National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC), has partnered with Clean Core Thorium Energy (CCTE) to explore the use of Thorium-based nuclear fuel. The collaboration focuses on the Advanced Nuclear Energy for Enriched Life (ANEEL) project, which aims to …

GS 3 – Defence Context: India and Mauritius conducted a coordination meeting aboard the INS Sarvekshak to begin a Joint Hydrographic Survey. This ship, operated under the Southern Naval Command, plays a crucial role in mapping and surveying marine environments. Features of INS Sarvekshak: Type: Hydrographic Survey Ship Survey Equipment: …

GS 1 – Geography The Territorial Army has recently set up a dedicated task force to focus on the rejuvenation and protection of the Gomti River, a vital water source in Uttar Pradesh. This initiative highlights the growing need for river conservation and the role of the armed forces in …

GS 3 – Agriculture India has seen a remarkable surge in banana exports, achieving a tenfold increase over the past decade. According to the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), India aims to hit $1 billion in banana exports within the next five years, emphasizing the growing …

GS 3 – Environment A recent four-day faunal survey at the Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary has provided valuable additions to the sanctuary’s biodiversity records, enhancing the understanding of its rich fauna. About Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary: Location: Situated in the southern part of the Western Ghats, in Kollam district, Kerala. Area: Approximately …

GS 3 – Economy The Tobacco Board of India has been actively engaged in strategic initiatives aimed at ensuring the sustainability and growth of the tobacco industry in India. About Tobacco Board of India: Established: 1st January 1976, under the Tobacco Board Act, 1975 (Act 4 of 1975). Leadership: The …

GS 3 – Economy Context: The Indian government has set up an 18-member expert panel, headed by NITI Aayog member Ramesh Chand, tasked with revising the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) and exploring a shift towards the Producer Price Index (PPI). Wholesale Price Index (WPI) The WPI measures the changes in …

GS 3 – Defence Why in news: Exercise Varuna 2025 is the 42nd annual naval exercise between the Indian and French Navies, highlighting their strong strategic partnership and boosting their operational coordination. Key Highlights: Participants: French Navy: Carrier Strike Group (CSG) led by the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier FNS Charles de …

GS 2 – Governance – Health Objective: Accelerate the development and production of indigenous COVID-19 vaccines to ensure their availability, affordability, and accessibility in India. Launch: Initiated by the Government of India in November 2020. Funding: Allocated ₹900 crore for Phase I, spanning 12 months. Implementation: Managed by the Department …

GS 3 – Environment Why in news: India is set to conduct its first-ever Coastline-Waders Bird Census in Gujarat’s Jamnagar district from January 3 to 5, 2025. Location: The census will take place in the Marine National Park and Marine Sanctuary, India’s first designated marine national park, covering approximately 170 …

GS 3 – Environment – Species The Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), the largest land mammal in Asia, holds significant ecological, cultural, and conservation importance, especially in India. Physical Characteristics: Size: Males can reach heights up to 9 feet, while females grow up to 7.9 feet. Weight: Ranges between 3,000 to …

GS 3 – Science and technology Genetically Modified (GM) Crops refer to plants whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques to introduce desired traits. These traits may include resistance to pests, diseases, or environmental conditions, improvement of crop yield, or enhancement of nutritional content. Key Features of …

GS 3 – Science and technology Why in News? ISRO concluded its 2024 launch schedule with the successful completion of the PSLV C60 mission. Key ISRO Missions of 2024 PSLV C58 and POEM-3 PSLV C58: The year began with the launch of XPoSat. POEM-3: The PSLV C58 mission also conducted …

GS 1 – Geography Why in News? The India Meteorological Department (IMD) will celebrate 150 years of service on January 15, 2025. Establishment and Historical Background Formation: IMD was established in 1875, with H.F. Blanford as the first Meteorological Reporter. Early Developments: Science and meteorology in India began with the …

GS 2 – Governance – Education Why in News? The recent Unified District Information System for Education Plus (UDISE+) Report highlights that school enrolment has remained steady at approximately 26 crore students. What is UDISE+? Full Form: Unified District Information System for Education Plus. Objective: One of the largest Management …