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MIGRATORY BIRDS LEAVE CHILIKA

• Eastern Odisha’s average maximum temperature for February has gone up by 3-4 degrees Celsius
• Migratory birds in and around Chilika lake and Bhitarkanika National Park have started their homeward journey a couple of weeks earlier than other years, as temperatures in Odisha began to soar.
• Bhubaneswar, located 35 kilometers from Chilika, recorded a maximum temperature of 39.4 degrees Celsius on February 25, 2021.
• The region’s average maximum temperature for February has gone up by three to four degrees compared to two decades back, said HR Biswas, director of Indian Meteorological Center, Bhubaneswar.
• The average temperature for February was 34-35 degrees Celsius between 2015 and 2019. Bhubaneswar’s maximum February temperature was 37.2 degrees Celsius in 2015, 40.9 degrees Celsius in 2016, 37 degree Celsius in 2017, 38.2 degrees Celsius in 2018.
• The highest temperature in the month of February was recorded on February 23, 1963.
• The birds arrive in the region in November and migrate back around mid-March or early April when the temperature hovers around 39 degree Celsius.
• This winter, 1,242,826 migratory birds belonging to 190 species arrived at the water bodies around Chilika Lake Asia’s largest salt-water lagoon and 136,092 birds belonging to 121 species arrived at Bhitarkanika, the second-largest mangrove forest in India. They flew in from places as far off as Siberia, Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, the Himalayan region and central Europe.
• Rising temperature coupled with the decreasing water levels in the lake also contributed to this early migration.
• Though breeds like shoveler, pintail, gadwall, wigeon, common pochard, garganey, tuffed duck, common teal, coot and other avian species have started leaving, some wader species like curlew, pipit, white eye and other birds have not shown any urgency to leave, said Bikash Ranjan Dash the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) of Bhitarkanika National Park.
• This is because some water birds like ducks can live in shallow water, said S Balachandran a noted ornithologist and deputy director of Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS).

Chilika lake:

• Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon, spread over the Puri, Khurda and Ganjam districts of Odisha state on the east coast of India, at the mouth of the Daya River, flowing into the Bay of Bengal
• It is Asia’s largest salt-water lagoon and is separated from the Bay of Bengal by a sandy ridge.
• It is the largest wintering ground for migratory birds on the Indian sub-continent.
• These birds travel great distances; migratory birds probably follow much longer routes than the straight lines, possibly up to 12,000 km, to reach Chilika Lake.
• Chilka Lake is designated as a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.
• The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as Waterfowl Habitat is an international treaty for the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands.
• The Irrawaddy dolphin has been found in Chilika lake. It is a euryhaline species of oceanic dolphin found in discontinuous subpopulations near sea coasts and in estuaries and rivers in parts of the Bay of Bengal and Southeast Asia.
• Irrawaddy dolphins are classified as ‘Vulnerable’ in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

SOURCE:THE HINDU,DTE