Discovery of White Hydrogen in France

GS III-Energy

Context:

Scientists in northeastern France have discovered a large natural hydrogen deposit, marking one of the most significant reserves of white hydrogen ever found. (Source: TNN)

What is White Hydrogen?

• Also known as natural hydrogen, gold hydrogen, or geologic hydrogen, it is naturally occurring molecular hydrogen found within the Earth’s crust, requiring no industrial production.
• Major Deposits: Identified in France, Mali, the USA, Russia, Australia, Oman, and Eastern Europe.
• Formation:
  • Generated through degassing from the Earth’s crust and mantle.
  • Formed by chemical reactions between minerals and water.
  • Created through biological or radiolytic decomposition of organic matter.
• Extraction Challenges: Found in sedimentary basins and ocean floors, but its high solubility in water makes continuous extraction complex.

Advantages of White Hydrogen

• Zero Carbon Emissions: Unlike gray or blue hydrogen, it does not release CO₂ when used as a fuel.
• Cost-Effective: Estimated extraction cost is $1 per kg, significantly lower than green hydrogen ($6 per kg).
• Abundant & Renewable: Naturally occurring, unlike synthetic hydrogen production methods.
• Infrastructure Compatibility: Can be integrated into existing hydrogen storage and transport systems.

Applications of White Hydrogen

• Industrial Uses:
  • Clean fuel alternative for aviation and shipping.
  • Replacement for fossil-fuel-based hydrogen in steel and chemical production.
• Energy Sector:
  • Powers fuel cells for electricity generation.
  • Provides grid storage solutions to enhance renewable energy integration.

Comparison of Hydrogen Types

Type	Source	Carbon Emissions	Production
White Hydrogen	Naturally occurring underground	None	Direct extraction
Green Hydrogen	Electrolysis using renewable energy	None	Water electrolysis
Blue Hydrogen	Natural gas + Carbon Capture Storage (CCS)	Low	SMR + CCS technology
Gray Hydrogen	Natural gas (Steam Methane Reforming – SMR)	High	Industrial production
Brown/Black Hydrogen	Coal gasification	Very High	Coal-based extraction