GS 3 – Science and technology
Context:
India is testing 10% isobutanol blends with diesel as part of its biofuel strategy, after ethanol-diesel blends faced technical challenges. The initiative aims to enhance energy security, support farmers, and reduce fossil fuel imports.
Key Highlights:
- Ethanol Blending in India:
- Ethanol blending in petrol achieved 20% target ahead of schedule, benefiting farmers by increasing corn prices and rural incomes.
- Ethanol-diesel blends encountered technical issues: corrosion, water absorption, and engine compatibility problems.
- Isobutanol as an Alternative:
- Four-carbon alcohol with higher energy density, closer to diesel.
- Absorbs less water, reducing corrosion and pipeline issues.
- Can be used as a standalone fuel or blended with CNG, especially for agricultural machinery.
- Current Trials and Government Initiatives:
- ARAI is testing 10% isobutanol-diesel blends for engine performance and compatibility.
- Flex-fuel options (isobutanol + CNG) for tractors are under exploration.
- Supports the National Biofuel Policy (2018) objectives: energy diversification, farmer welfare, and sustainable fuels.
- Impact on Farmers and Sugar Industry:
- Ethanol demand has generated over ₹42,000 crore for farmers from corn.
- Sugar industry linked to ethanol feedstock is expanding, with projected sugar production rise of 20% in 2025-26.
- Calls for revision of sugarcane FRP and higher export quotas to sustain rural economies.
- Policy and Industry Recommendations:
- Scale up ethanol output and invest in advanced biofuels (second and third-generation ethanol from bamboo and residues).
- Support for farmers via better pricing and market access to strengthen the biofuel sector.