GS 1 – Geography
Why in News?
The India Meteorological Department (IMD) will celebrate 150 years of service on January 15, 2025.
Establishment and Historical Background
- Formation: IMD was established in 1875, with H.F. Blanford as the first Meteorological Reporter.
- Early Developments:
- Science and meteorology in India began with the first Meteorological and Astronomical Observatory in Madras in 1793.
- The Sanitation Committee was formed in 1860, followed by the creation of the Meteorological Committee at the provincial level.
- Headquarters: New Delhi.
- Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Earth Sciences.
Objectives of IMD
- Conduct meteorological observations and provide current and forecast meteorological data.
- Issue warnings about severe weather phenomena to prevent loss of life and property.
- Promote research in meteorology and related fields.
Network and Coverage
- Regional Meteorological Centres (RMCs): Six RMCs cover six regions of India.
- State-Level Meteorological Centres (MCs): 26 MCs provide localized meteorological services.
Key Contributions and Milestones
Early Contributions
- First Chart: Prepared in 1877.
- Daily Weather Reports: Initiated in 1878.
Technological Advancements
- Radar Age: Introduced radar-based meteorological services and flood forecasting (1947-1959).
- Global Monitoring: Improved global weather monitoring and extended forecasts up to 24 hours (1971-1983).
Recent Developments
- Between 2014 and 2023, IMD significantly enhanced weather and climate services, achieving a 40-50% improvement in forecast accuracy.
Significance of IMD’s 150-Year Milestone
IMD’s journey underscores its pivotal role in national and global meteorological advancements. From issuing the first weather chart to leveraging cutting-edge technologies for accurate forecasts, IMD has continually adapted to address emerging challenges, making it a cornerstone of India’s disaster management and scientific innovation.