Majuli River Island

PRELIMS BITS – RIVER

Context:

Rising human-wildlife conflicts in Assam’s Majuli River Island have drawn attention to its ecological challenges.

About Majuli:

• Geographical Significance: The world’s largest river island, formed by the Brahmaputra River and its tributaries.
• Administrative Status: Became India’s first island district in 2016.
• Demographics: Inhabited by indigenous communities, including the Mishing, Deori, and Sonowal Kachari tribes, along with non-tribal Assamese populations.
• Economic Base: Predominantly agricultural, cultivating unique rice varieties like Komal Saul (soft rice) and Bao Dhan (deep-water rice).
• Cultural Heritage:
  • A center for Assamese Neo-Vaishnavite traditions.
  • Known for Satras (monastic institutions), mask-making, and pottery.

Ecological Importance:

• A significant habitat for various bird species, including:
  • Glossy ibis and black-headed ibis
  • Indian spot-billed ducks
  • Greylag and bar-headed geese
  • Purple swamp hens

Conservation Status:

• Listed on UNESCO’s Tentative List (since 2004) for potential recognition as a World Heritage Site.

Majuli’s unique ecosystem and cultural heritage make it an invaluable site, but challenges like erosion, habitat loss, and human-wildlife conflict require urgent attention.