NEW SPECIES DISCOVERIES IN INDIA AND SRI LANKA

GS3 ENVIRONMENT: 

1. Introduction

Recent discoveries of two new jumping spider species in India and a new leaf-nosed bat species in Sri Lanka highlight the rich biodiversity of the region. These findings emphasize the need for further research and conservation efforts.

2. New Spider Species in India

• Discovered by: University of Kerala researchers.
• Species: Epidelaxia falciformis and Epidelaxia palustris.
• First record of the genus Epidelaxia in India.
• Location: Found in Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghats.
• Characteristics:
  • Females have a yellow triangular mark on their prosoma.
  • Males exhibit distinct color patterns.
  • Size: E. falciformis (4.39 mm); E. palustris (3.69–4.57 mm).

Significance

• Enriches the biodiversity records of the Western Ghats.
• Highlights the ecological importance of this hotspot.
• Stresses the need for continued conservation efforts.

3. New Bat Species in Sri Lanka

• Species: Hipposideros srilankaensis (Leaf-nosed Bat).
• Discovered by: Bhargavi Srinivasulu (Osmania University) and collaborators from India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.
• Unique Features:
  • Broad noseleaf and distinct cranial characteristics.
  • Endemic to Sri Lanka.

Genetic Insights

• Reclassified Hipposideros brachyotus as a distinct species endemic to India.
• Found genetic differences in Hipposideros galeritus across Southeast Asia, suggesting undiscovered species.

4. Conclusion

These discoveries reinforce the ecological significance of India and Sri Lanka. Further biodiversity exploration and conservation strategies are essential to protect these newly identified species and their habitats.