Ratnagiri Excavations in Odisha

GS 1 – HISTORY

Context:
The ASI has resumed excavations at Ratnagiri, an important Buddhist center from Emperor Ashoka’s reign, crucial in spreading Buddhism.

Key Discoveries:

  1. Colossal Buddha sculptures and a monolithic elephant statue.
  2. Votive stupas, inscribed stones, pottery, and brick wall remnants from a Buddhist monastery.
  3. Artifacts revealing trade links between Kalinga (modern Odisha) and Southeast Asia.

Significance:

  • Buddhist Learning Center: Ratnagiri was a major Mahavihara during the Bhaumakara dynasty (8th–11th CE).
  • Diamond Triangle: Part of Odisha’s Buddhist Triangle with Lalitgiri and Udayagiri.
  • Historical Role: Influenced Mahayana and Tantrayana Buddhism.

Additional Aspects:

  • Ashokan Influence: Ashoka promoted Buddhism after the Kalinga War (261 BCE).
  • Maritime Trade: Kalinga had trade links with Southeast Asia, especially during the Baliyatra Festival.

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