GS 1 – HISTORY
Context:
The ASI has resumed excavations at Ratnagiri, an important Buddhist center from Emperor Ashoka’s reign, crucial in spreading Buddhism.
Key Discoveries:
- Colossal Buddha sculptures and a monolithic elephant statue.
- Votive stupas, inscribed stones, pottery, and brick wall remnants from a Buddhist monastery.
- Artifacts revealing trade links between Kalinga (modern Odisha) and Southeast Asia.
Significance:
- Buddhist Learning Center: Ratnagiri was a major Mahavihara during the Bhaumakara dynasty (8th–11th CE).
- Diamond Triangle: Part of Odisha’s Buddhist Triangle with Lalitgiri and Udayagiri.
- Historical Role: Influenced Mahayana and Tantrayana Buddhism.
Additional Aspects:
- Ashokan Influence: Ashoka promoted Buddhism after the Kalinga War (261 BCE).
- Maritime Trade: Kalinga had trade links with Southeast Asia, especially during the Baliyatra Festival.