GS3: ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
- India is home to 990 Protected Conservation Areas (PCAs) and over 1 million sacred forests. Sacred groves are culturally significant areas protected by traditional beliefs and practices.
What are Sacred Groves?
- Found in states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Uttarakhand.
- Small forest patches that act as biodiversity hotspots.
- Rooted in Hindu traditions, they preserve nature and uphold spiritual values.
Examples of Sacred Groves
- Dev Bhoomi, Uttarakhand:
- Known as the “Land of Gods,” home to 133 sacred groves.
- Protected by local customs, these alpine meadows prohibit harm to plants, animals, and sacred objects.
- Pudupet Sacred Grove, Tamil Nadu:
- Dedicated to deity Ayyanar, located in Cuddalore district.
- Features ancient tamarind and banyan trees and supports local biodiversity.
Why Sacred Groves Matter
- Preserve biodiversity and undisturbed habitats for plants and animals. Provide clean water, meeting WHO standards in many cases. Maintain cultural heritage and community identity.
India’s Efforts to Protect Sacred Groves
- Government Programs: Protection under the Biological Diversity Act, 2002. Financial and technical support for grove preservation.
- Mapping and Research: Documenting sacred groves to understand their ecological value.
- Community Participation: Involving local communities in conservation efforts. Supporting eco-friendly livelihoods, like cultivating medicinal plants.
- Awareness and Education: Campaigns to teach younger generations about the importance of sacred groves.
- Global Alignment: Recognizing sacred groves under international standards like the IUCN Green List.
Challenges
- Threats from deforestation, urbanization, and industrial development.
- Declining interest among younger generations in cultural traditions.
Way Forward
- NGOs like the Devrai Foundation promote community-driven initiatives and sustainable practices.
- Combining conservation with cultural and economic benefits to ensure their future.
Conclusion
- Sacred groves are vital for biodiversity, clean water, and cultural heritage.
- Protecting these “guardians of conservation” requires community support, policy initiatives, and education.
[box] HOW DO SACRED GROVES IN INDIA CONTRIBUTE TO BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, AND WHAT STEPS ARE BEING TAKEN TO ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES THEY FACE?
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