WORLD TRIBAL DAY, 2021

  • World Tribal Day or International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples is observed on 9th August every year.
  • It is aimed at promoting and protecting the rights of the world’s indigenous population and to acknowledge the contributions that indigenous people make towards world issues such as environmental protection.

Important points:

  • The day recognizes the first meeting of the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations in Geneva in 1982.
  • It has been celebrated every year since 1994, in accordance with the declaration by the United Nations.
  • To date, numerous indigenous peoples experience extreme poverty, marginalization, and other human rights violations.
  • “Leaving no one behind: Indigenous peoples and the call for a new social contract.”
  • Indigenous peoples are inheritors and practitioners of unique cultures and ways of relating to people and the environment. They have retained social, cultural, economic and political characteristics that are distinct from those of the dominant societies in which they live.
  • There are over 476 million indigenous peoples living in 90 countries across the world, accounting for 6.2% of the global population.

Significance:

  • Around 80% of the world’s biodiversity is inhabited and protected by indigenous populations.
  • Their innate, diverse knowledge about lands, nature, and its development are extremely crucial to ensure the protection of the critical ecosystem, natural resources.
  • With 370-500 million indigenous peoples representing the majority of the world’s cultural diversity, they speak the greater share of almost 7000 languages in the world.
  • The crops grown by indigenous people are highly adaptable. They can survive drought, altitude, flooding, and any kind of extremes of temperature. As a result, these crops help create resilient farms.
  • Also, quinoa, moringa, and oca are some of the native crops that have the ability to expand and diversify our food base. These would contribute to the goal to attain Zero Hunger.
  • Decade of Indigenous Languages (2022-2032): It aims to conserve Indigenous languages, which helps preserve their cultures, world views and visions, as well as expressions of self-determination.
  • United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP): It establishes a universal framework of minimum standards for the survival, dignity and well-being of the indigenous peoples of the world.
  • Permanent UN Forum on Indigenous Issues: It was established with the mandate to deal with indigenous issues related to economic and social development, culture, the environment, education, health and human rights. It is an advisory body to the UN Economic and Social Council.

Tribes in India

  • India hosts around 104 million (that is almost 8.6% of the country’s population).
  • Though there are 705 ethnic groups that have been formally identified, out of which around 75 are Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).
  • The Gond comprise the largest tribal group of India.
  • The largest number of tribal communities (62) are found in Odisha.
  • The central tribal belt which comprises the Northeastern states of India (including the region ranging from Rajasthan to West Bengal) boasts of the maximum concentration of indigenous population.

SOURCE: THE HINDU,THE ECONOMIC TIMES,MINT

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