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The term green revolution was first used by William Gaud and Norman Borlaug is the Father of the Green Revolution.
In the year 1965, the government of India launched the Green Revolution with the help of a geneticist, now known as the father of the Green revolution (India) M.S. Swaminathan.
- The movement of the green revolution was a great success and changed the country’s status from a food-deficient economy to one of the world’s leading agricultural nations.
- It started in 1967 and lasted till 1978.
What is Green Revolution?
- The Green Revolution is referred to as the process of increasing agricultural production by incorporating modern tools and techniques.
- Green Revolution is associated with agricultural production.
- It is the period when agriculture of the country was converted into an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and techniques.
Aspects of Green Revolution in India
- High Yielding Varieties (HYV)
- Mechanization of Agriculture (tractors, irrigation facilities)
- Use of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides
- Irrigation
The method of green revolution focused on three basic elements:
- Using seeds with improved genetics (High Yielding Variety seeds).
- Double cropping in the existing farmland and,
- The continuing expansion of farming areas
The side effects of the Green Revolution
Despite its landmark role in achieving food sufficient in India, the Green Revolution has been criticised on multiple counts, such as benefiting the already prosperous farmers as it was introduced in states with higher productivity.
- The rapid replacement of numerous locally adapted varieties with one or two high yielding strains in large contiguous areas
- Intensive cultivation of land without conservation of soil fertility that could lead ultimately to the springing up of deserts
- Indiscriminate use of pesticides, fungicides and herbicides
- Unscientific tapping of underground water
Schemes Under Green Revolution (India)
The 11 schemes that are part of the Umbrella Schemes under the Green revolution are:
- MIDH – Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture
- NFSM – National Food Security Mission – This includes NMOOP – National Mission on Oil Seeds and Oil Palm
- NMSA – National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
- SMAE – Submission on Agriculture Extension
- SMSP – Sub-Mission on Seeds and Planting Material
- SMAM – Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation.
- SMPPQ – Sub Mission on Plant Protection and Plan Quarantine
- ISACES – Integrated Scheme on Agriculture Census, Economics, and Statistics
- ISAC – Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Cooperation
- ISAM – Integrated Scheme on Agricultural Marketing
- NeGP-A – National e-Governance Plan aims
What is Evergreen Revolution in India?
- The term “Evergreen Revolution” was coined by Dr.M.S. Swaminathan to describe a strategy for improving output and productivity without compromising short- and long-term food production goals.
- The objective is to produce more usingo
-
- fewer resources
- less water,
- less pesticide,
- less land to achieve sustainable agriculture, there must be an evergreen revolution.
- Continuous shots at improving production and productivity, a suitable blend of traditional and modern, focusing on locally renewable sources of energy, organic farming, and making inputs and credit available to farmers are fundamentally more important today.
- The productivity of farms can be increased by introducing modern information and communication technology (ICT) to Indian farmers.
- Through networking on weather alerts, the planting season, and produce prices, ICT projects can address important issues in the agricultural value chain.
- One of the pillars of the Digital India initiative, e-Kranti, focuses on technology for farmers and offers real-time pricing updates, online input ordering, and mobile banking for payment.
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