GS3- AGRICULTURE
The Vishwamitri River in Vadodara, Gujarat, is undergoing an extensive flood mitigation project due to recurring severe flooding. The Vadodara Municipal Corporation (VMC) has launched a three-phase plan to manage floods, enhance water-carrying capacity, and address environmental concerns, particularly the coexistence of human development and local wildlife.
Key Project Components
River Modifications
- Channel Changes:
- Straightening meanders and modifying river sections to handle water flows up to 1,100 cumecs.
- Ajwa Dam Upgrades:
- Construction of an additional spillway and lowering the crest level for better flood management.
New Water Storage and Drainage
- Creation of buffer ponds near Kotambi and Bhaniyara.
- Dredging of ponds in Dhanora, Vadadala, and Haripura to enhance water storage.
- Stormwater Network:
- Upgrading and diverting storm drains like Bhukhi kaans and Ruparel kaans to reduce urban flooding.
Rainwater Management
- Installation of piezometers for groundwater recharge.
- Introduction of flood-forecasting warning systems.
- Promotion of rainwater harvesting to reduce surface runoff.
Environmental Concerns and Wildlife Impact
Crocodile Relocation
- Species Affected: Nearly 300 crocodiles, classified as Schedule-I species under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, inhabit the Vishwamitri River.
- Relocation Process:
- Requires approval from the National Wildlife Board.
- Includes scientific tagging and monitoring for relocated crocodiles.
- Temporary Shelters: Proposed to house crocodiles during habitat modification.
Other Wildlife
- The river supports diverse species, including Indian Softshell turtles, monitor lizards, cobras, and Indian porcupines.
- Machinery noise and habitat alterations risk agitating wildlife, potentially increasing human-wildlife conflicts.
Recommendations for Wildlife Conservation
- Nesting Protection:
- Leave crocodile nesting areas undisturbed during their breeding season.
- Phase work to avoid disrupting critical wildlife activities.
- Wildlife Monitoring:
- Continuous tracking of animal movements during and post-project.
- Habitat Restoration:
- Create artificial habitats for species affected by dredging and construction.
- Stakeholder Collaboration:
- Coordinate with the forest department to ensure ecological balance.