Prelims Bits
Context
During monsoons, uncontrolled spread of water hyacinth threatens ecosystems and livelihoods, particularly in Kerala.
About Water Hyacinth
- Species: Eichhornia crassipes, a floating invasive plant native to South America.
- Introduced in Bengal during colonial rule as an ornamental species.
- Nicknames: “Terror of Bengal”, “Blue Devil”, “Lilac Devil”.
- Growth Traits: Can double biomass in 2 weeks, forming thick mats that block sunlight & oxygen.
- Habitat: Thrives in warm, nutrient-rich, stagnant freshwater.
Impacts of Invasion
- Ecological: Blocks sunlight/oxygen → suffocates aquatic flora/fauna → biodiversity collapse.
- Livelihoods: Damages paddy in Kerala’s Kuttanad, reduces fish catch, raises cultivation costs.
- Navigation: Obstructs canals, inland transport, and boat movement.
- Flood Risk: Clogs drainage, intensifies urban flooding in monsoons.
- Tourism: Hampers ecotourism in Vembanad Lake (Ramsar site).
- Climate Threat: Decomposing hyacinth releases methane, 25× more potent than CO₂.