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GS 3 – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: Union Minister of State for Environment launched ‘Nano Bubble Technology’ for cleaning and purifying water at the National Zoological Park, Delhi. About Nano Bubble Technology Nanobubbles: These are extremely small bubbles, measuring between 70-120 nanometers, which is 2,500 times smaller than a single …

GS 2 – GOVERNANCE Context: The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has raised concerns about the lack of transparency in data regarding operational Compressed Biogas (CBG) plants listed on the GOBARdhan portal. Compressed Biogas (CBG): CBG is a renewable energy source generated from organic waste, including agricultural residues, cattle …

GS 1 – ANCIENT INDIA Recent Discovery Archaeologists uncovered a mud-brick stadium and a marketplace from the Mature Harappan Phase at Rakhigarhi. Stadium Features: Precisely engineered seating arena with an inclined design for optimal viewing, indicating a sporting culture during the Harappan era. About Rakhigarhi Significance: Recognized as one of …

GS 3 – DEFENCE  Context: India’s Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL) has delivered the sixth Scorpene-class submarine, Vaghsheer, to the Indian Navy under Project P-75. About Scorpene-Class Submarines Scorpene-class submarines are diesel-electric attack submarines designed for: Stealth operations Anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare Intelligence gathering and area surveillance. Project P-75 Launched …

GS3- TECHNOLOGY As 2025 unfolds, quantum computing stands poised to redefine innovation across industries. The United Nations has declared 2025 the International Year of Quantum Science and Technology, reflecting the global recognition of quantum computing’s potential to revolutionize areas like healthcare, artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced materials research. This paradigm …

GS 1 – ART AND CULTURE President Droupadi Murmu’s special guests will receive a unique gift box showcasing some of South India’s finest GI-tagged crafts. Here are the notable items featured in the hamper: Pochampally Ikat Pencil Pouch: Hailing from Telangana, the Pochampally Ikat is renowned for its distinct geometric …

GS 3 – INFRASTRUCTURE   Why in the News? The Prime Minister is set to inaugurate the Z-Morh Tunnel on January 13, 2025, a project that began in 2018. Overview: The Z-Morh Tunnel, named after the Z-shaped stretch it replaces, is located between Gagangir and Sonamarg in Jammu and Kashmir. It …

GS 1 – ART AND CULTURE Why in the News? The recent passing of Ustad Zakir Hussain has reignited discussions on the origins and development of the tabla. Etymology – The term “tabla” is derived from the Arabic word tabl, which means drum. Origins The origin of the tabla is …

GS 3 – Science and technology The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has achieved a significant breakthrough in space-based agriculture through its Compact Research Module for Orbital Plant Studies (CROPS) experiment. The successful germination of three out of eight cowpea seeds in space under microgravity conditions marks a major milestone …

GS 3 – Science and technology Gravitational Lensing is the bending, distortion, and magnification of light from a distant source due to the curvature of spacetime caused by the mass of an intervening object. Spacetime, a combination of the three dimensions of space and time, curves in the presence of …

GS 2 – International relation Context: Brazil recently announced Indonesia’s admission as a full member of BRICS, marking a significant expansion of the international bloc. Evolution of BRICS Formation: BRICS was established in 2009 with Brazil, Russia, India, and China as founding members. Expansion Timeline: 2010: South Africa joined the …

GS 3 ECONOMY Definition Meme coins are digital currencies created as a humorous or satirical tribute to internet culture. They are also referred to as memetic tokens or community coins. Features Inspiration and Branding: Named and branded based on internet memes, jokes, or cultural phenomena. Designed for virality with quirky …

GS 1-ART AND CULTURE Ingenious system consisting of 103 well-like structures called Kundis (aqueducts). Operates based on the law of gravity, ensuring smooth water flow from the first to the last Kundi. Water recharge mechanism: Intercepts subsoil groundwater through underground channels. Stores water in structures known as Bhandaras, partially underground …

GS2- GOVERNANCE Under the Advisory Group’s guidance, chaired by the Principal Scientific Advisor, a Subcommittee on ‘AI Governance and Guidelines Development’ was formed to deliver actionable recommendations for AI governance in India. This initiative is part of the IndiaAI Mission, which aims to position India as a global leader in …

GS3- ENVIRONMENT This groundbreaking achievement in coral conservation and restoration represents a significant step toward mitigating the impacts of climate change on coral ecosystems. Australian researchers have pioneered this technique to restore damaged reefs. About Cryo-Born Corals Cryo-Born Corals: Created using cryopreservation techniques, which involve freezing coral cells and tissues …

GS3 ENVIRONMENT Climate change is severely disrupting the planet’s water cycle, leading to a cascade of consequences for ecosystems, human populations, and global water resources. According to the 2024 Global Water Monitor Report, compiled by researchers from Australia, Saudi Arabia, China, and Germany using data from ground stations and satellites, …

GS 1 – GEOGRAPHY Why in News? Recently, significant amounts of water have been gushing out from underground in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, attributed to the presence of an Artesian Well. Experts have rejected the idea that the water is linked to the ancient Saraswati River, suggesting instead that the water may …

GS 2 – INTERNATIONAL RELATION India has pledged financial assistance of 290 million Sri Lankan Rupees (LKR) to rehabilitate and develop the Karainagar Boatyard in Sri Lanka’s Northern Province. Significance: Manufacturing Boost: Karainagar Boatyard holds historical importance for boat manufacturing, contributing significantly to the region’s economy. Livelihood Enhancement: The initiative …

GS 2 – Polity Overview: The Supreme Court recently ruled that offences in a chargesheet cannot be based on bald assertions of connivance without proper evidence. A chargesheet is a final report filed by the investigating officer or police officials after completing the investigation of a cognizable or non-cognizable case. …

GS 3 – Infrastructure Context: The Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways recently announced the completion of the 4-lane, 2.35 km Banihal Bypass on NH-44. The Banihal Bypass is a four-lane road measuring 2.35 km that bypasses Banihal town in Jammu & Kashmir. It addresses long-standing traffic congestion in …