GS 2 – International relation
Context:
Brazil recently announced Indonesia’s admission as a full member of BRICS, marking a significant expansion of the international bloc.
Evolution of BRICS
- Formation:
- BRICS was established in 2009 with Brazil, Russia, India, and China as founding members.
- Expansion Timeline:
- 2010: South Africa joined the group, expanding it to BRICS.
- 2023: New members included Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, and the UAE, with Saudi Arabia invited but yet to join.
- 2025: Indonesia became the latest member, enhancing the bloc’s representation in Southeast Asia.
- Current Membership:
- BRICS now includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Indonesia.
Significance of Indonesia’s Membership
- Economic Influence:
- As Southeast Asia’s largest economy and the fourth most populous country globally, Indonesia brings substantial economic weight to BRICS.
- Its inclusion strengthens South-South Cooperation by fostering economic and political collaboration among developing nations.
- Geopolitical Impact:
- Enhances the bloc’s influence in the Asia-Pacific region.
- Reflects BRICS’ commitment to diversifying its membership to include emerging economies from different regions.
Countries Seeking BRICS Membership
- Formal Applicants:
- Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Malaysia have officially applied for membership.
- Other Interests:
- Several other nations have expressed interest, though specific names remain unconfirmed.
Impact of BRICS on Geopolitics
- Alternatives to the US Dollar:
- Russia and China are actively exploring ways to reduce dependence on the US Dollar in international trade and finance.
- Exclusion of the US:
- BRICS stands as a prominent international bloc without US participation, emphasizing its focus on multipolarity.
- US Concerns:
- Former US President Donald Trump cautioned BRICS against creating a new currency or supporting alternatives to the dollar, reflecting Washington’s apprehension over the bloc’s growing influence.
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Mains question
Analyze the strategic implications of Indonesia’s recent induction into BRICS for India’s foreign policy, particularly in the context of regional geopolitics and economic partnerships.
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