Context:
Scientists have developed a breakthrough method using “atomic stencils” to precisely design nanoparticles atom by atom. This innovation could revolutionize fields like electronics, catalysis, renewable energy, quantum technology, and medical imaging.
Key Highlights / Details:
- Researchers have created custom-shaped nanoparticles by arranging atoms in pre-decided geometries.
- A template-based method called Atomic Stencil Lithography (ASL) is used to control the shape, size, and atomic structure of nanoparticles.
- Nanomaterials with precise atomic arrangements exhibit superior electrical, magnetic, and catalytic properties.
- Current techniques often produce nanoparticles with random atomic structures, limiting performance.
- The atomic stencil method enables:
- Tailored catalysts for hydrogen production and fuel cells
- Advanced semiconductor chips and nanoelectronics
- Drug delivery and medical diagnostics
- Quantum computing components
- This development may help India’s efforts in nanotechnology under Make in India, particularly for energy storage, semiconductor self-reliance, and clean technologies.
Relevant Prelims Points:
- Nanotechnology – Manipulation of matter at 1–100 nm scale
- Quantum dots – Semiconductor nanoparticles used in displays
- Graphene – 2D carbon nanomaterial, Nobel Prize in 2010
- Nano Mission (India) – Department of Science and Technology initiative
- Top-down vs Bottom-up nanofabrication – Atomic stencil uses bottom-up approach
Relevant Mains Points:
- Role of nanotechnology in energy efficiency and sustainability
- Ethical and environmental concerns of nanomaterial usage
- Strategic importance of nanotechnology for defence and healthcare
- Promoting R&D ecosystem for Atmanirbhar Bharat in advanced materials