WATER SCARCITY IN INDIA

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The country has 18 percent of the world’s population, but only 4 percent of its water resources, making it among the most water-stressed in the world. World Bank report suggests 163 million Indians lack access to safe drinking water while 21% of communicable diseases are linked to unsafe water.

Even then, groundwater is overwhelmingly the mode of choice for both agriculture and drinking in India, with 94% of all irrigation and 85% of drinking water needs sourced through groundwater.

Reasons

• High population
• Lack of efficient regulations
• Over utilization of groundwater
• Leakage in water management schemes
• Regional disparity in water distribution
• Misuse of water resources by industries

Schemes

• Atal Bhujal Yojana (Abhy)

1. 1. National Groundwater Management Improvement Program for India
   2. Help villagers understand their water availability and usage patterns so they can budget their water use accordingly

• National Rural Drinking Water Programme

1. 1. ensuring the sustainability of water availability in terms of adequacy, affordability, portability, convenience and equity
   2. goal of increasing coverage of sustainable Piped Water Supply.

• Jal Jeevan Mission

1. 1. initiative to provide Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC), to every rural household
   2. implemented through institutional mechanism at four levels- National, State, District, and Gram Panchayat

• Har Ghar Jal

1. 1. Aim: to take piped, potable water to every rural household in India under its flagship Jal Jeevan Mission
   2. As of September 2023, the dashboard of the Har Ghar Jal claims 13 crore households, or about 67% of the targeted households, have been provided with water connections.
   3. Besides making women’s lives easier, piped water connections also mean reducing individual dependence on groundwater.
   4. A major challenge transporting water to villages sprawled across hundreds of kilometres is leakage.

Solutions

• Training in practices for reducing damage to groundwater sources
• Teaching farmers updated irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation
• Monitor implementation of schemes on ground
• Modern sanitation policies that both conserve and properly utilizes water resources

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