WHEAT EXPORT

The Russia-Ukraine conflict may give India an opportunity to ship more wheat in the global markets.
More than a quarter of the world’s wheat export comes from Russia and Ukraine.
Russia is the world’s largest exporter of wheat, accounting for more than 18% of international exports.
In 2019, Russia and Ukraine together exported more than a quarter (25.4 %) of the world’s wheat.
The top five countries that exported the highest dollar-value worth of wheat include Russia > United States > Canada > France > Ukraine.
Egypt is the world’s biggest importer of wheat.
Turkey is also a big spender on Russian and Ukrainian wheat with 74% of its imports coming from those two countries in 2019.
India is the second largest producer of wheat with a share of around 13.5% of world total production.
India produces around 107.59 MT of wheat annually while a major chunk of it goes towards domestic consumption.
India accounts for even less than 1% in world wheat export. However, its share has increased from 0.14% in 2016 to 0.54% in 2020.
Presently, India’s central pool stands at 24.2 million tonnes, twice more than the buffer and strategic needs.

Key Points related to Wheat

This is the second most important cereal crop in India after rice.
It is the main food crop, in northand north-western part of the country.
Wheat is a rabi crop that requires a cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening.
Success of the Green Revolution contributed to the growth of Rabi crops, especially wheat.
Macro Management Mode of Agriculture, National Food Security Mission and RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana are few government initiatives to support wheat cultivation.
Temperature: Between 10-15°C (Sowing time) and 21-26°C (Ripening & Harvesting) with bright sunlight.
Rainfall: Around 75-100 cm.
Soil Type: Well-drained fertile loamy and clayey loamy (Ganga-Satluj plains and black soil region of the Deccan).
Top Wheat Producing States: Uttar Pradesh > Punjab > Haryana>Madhya Pradesh > Rajasthan> Bihar>Gujarat

SOURCE: THE HINDU,THE ECONOMIC TIMES,MINT

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