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GS 3 The Ministry of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) recently announced that the turnover of Khadi and Village Industries (KVI) exceeded Rs 1.7 lakh crore in the financial year 2025 (FY24-25). About the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a …

GS 1 The Taliban’s evolving stance on cultural heritage sites in Afghanistan has attracted international attention, especially concerning the Bamiyan Buddhas. About the Bamiyan Buddhas Carved into the sandstone cliffs of Bamiyan Valley in central Afghanistan during the 6th century CE, the Bamiyan Buddhas were two monumental statues of standing …

GS 3 According to the latest European State of the Climate Report for 2024, Europe is experiencing warming at nearly twice the pace of the global average. This accelerated heating trend is triggering widespread environmental and climatic shifts. What Is Arctic Amplification? Arctic amplification refers to the intensified warming seen …

GS 3 NASA researchers have introduced a groundbreaking concept involving quantum gravity gradiometers (QGGs), aiming to track how Earth’s mass distribution evolves over time—particularly in response to climate change. Their proposal involves deploying these advanced instruments aboard satellites to enhance our understanding of global mass shifts. What Is a Quantum …

GS 1 The Ramban district in Jammu and Kashmir recently experienced severe weather, including heavy rainfall and hailstorms, leading to significant destruction in the area. According to the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the region recorded 16.9 mm of rainfall within a 24-hour period—an astonishing 575% increase compared to the average …

GS 3 –  Renowned as the most valuable diamond mine on the planet, the Jwaneng Diamond Mine is currently estimated to be worth approximately 1 billion euros. Overview of Jwaneng Diamond Mine Often referred to as the “Prince of Mines,” the Jwaneng Diamond Mine is located in Botswana, near the …

GS II-Schemes Why in News? The Central Government extended the PM CARES for Children Scheme until 28th February 2022, providing vital support to children orphaned during the COVID-19 pandemic. About the Scheme Launched on: 29th May 2021 Aim: To provide comprehensive care, protection, and long-term support to children who lost …

GS III-IT The IT Act, 2000 is India’s primary legal framework for digital governance, cyber law, and regulation of electronic communication. Key Objectives: Combat cybercrime and protect digital infrastructure. Provide legal recognition for digital signatures and electronic records. Define responsibilities of intermediaries like social media platforms and search engines. Updated …

GS III-Defence Context: Ahead of the 75th Republic Day celebrations, the President of India sanctioned gallantry awards to 80 personnel from the Armed Forces, of which 12 were awarded posthumously. Key Highlights of Gallantry Awards 2024: Kirti Chakras: 6 awarded (3 posthumous) Shaurya Chakras: 16 awarded (2 posthumous) Sena Medals …

GS3 – S&T Context: The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has successfully carried out a major crackdown on ‘Digital Arrest’ scams as part of its ongoing anti-cybercrime initiative—Operation Chakra-V. Objective of Operation Chakra-V Launched to target and dismantle transnational cybercrime networks, with a special focus on organized financial and digital …

GS3 – Environment Context: The Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) launched in Surat, Gujarat, has shown how market-based tools can successfully curb particulate matter (PM) pollution, based on results observed from 2019 to 2021. Overview of Surat ETS Launched in 2019, the Surat ETS is the first emissions trading market globally …

GS2 – Vulnerable Groups Context: In the landmark Pinki vs. State of Uttar Pradesh case, the Supreme Court delivered extensive instructions aimed at curbing the issue of child trafficking in India. Understanding Child Trafficking: According to the United Nations, child trafficking involves the recruitment, transfer, or sheltering of minors for …

GS1 – Geography Context: The India Meteorological Department (IMD), along with the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM) in Pune and the National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF) in Delhi, is collaboratively working on India’s inaugural research testbed dedicated to the study of Norwesters. This initiative focuses on the …

GS2 – Polity Context: Tata Trusts, in collaboration with a network of civil society organizations, has released the 2025 edition of the India Justice Report. The report evaluates the performance of states and union territories across 24 indicators, covering the four core pillars of the justice system—police, judiciary, prisons, and …

GS2 – Polity Tamil Nadu Forms Committee on State Autonomy Context: The Tamil Nadu government has set up a high-powered panel led by former Supreme Court judge, Justice Kurian Joseph. This committee’s primary role is to analyze Centre-State relations and recommend ways to reinforce the constitutional rights of states. Previously, …

GS2 – Polity Context : Telangana has taken a pioneering step by becoming the first state in India to implement sub-categorisation among Scheduled Castes (SCs), also known as “reservation within reservation.” As per the recent government notification, SCs in the state will be divided into three distinct groups – Group …

GS2 – Governance Context: The Registrar General of India (RGI) has issued a warning to both public and private healthcare institutions, urging them to report all birth and death occurrences within 21 days. Concerns Highlighted by RGI: Incomplete Registration: The RGI has pointed out that nearly 10% of birth and …

Context: The Ministry of Mines has released guidelines to establish Centres of Excellence (CoEs) under the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) to boost innovation and research in critical mineral technologies. What is NCMM? The National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM) is a flagship programme launched in Union Budget 2024–25 to secure …

GS3 – Science & Tech Context: Q-Shield was launched on World Quantum Day (April 14), marking a major milestone in India’s quantum technology journey. What is Q-Shield? Q-Shield is the world’s first unified, end-to-end platform for managing quantum-safe cryptography. It ensures data protection both in transit and at rest using …

GS3 – Infrastructure & Environment Context: A recent study highlights the major risks and challenges India faces in transitioning to Electric Vehicles (EVs). EV Adoption: Goals and Current Status   Government Targets for 2030: 30% electrification of private cars 80% for two- and three-wheelers Current EV Market Share: Around 8% …